| Parameter |
Equation |
Normal Range |
| Arterial Blood Pressure (BP) |
Systolic (SBP) |
90 - 140 mmHg |
| |
Diastolic (DBP) |
60 - 90 mmHg |
| Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) |
SBP + (2 x DBP)/3 |
70 - 105 mmHg |
| Systolic Pressure Variation (SPV) |
(SPmax-SPmin) |
<5 mmHg unlikely to be preload responsive
>5mmHg likely to be preload responsive |
| Pulse Pressure Variation (PPV) |
(PPmax-PPmin)/[(PPmax + PPmin)/2] x100 |
<10% unlikely to be preload responsive
>13-15% likely to be preload responsive |
| Stroke Volume Variation (SVV) |
(SVmax-SVmin)/[(SVmax + SVmin)/2] x100 |
<10% unlikely to be preload responsive
>13-15% likely to be preload responsive |
| |
= averaged over 10 sec. of BP data updated every 4 beats |
| Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) |
|
2 - 6 mmHg |
| Right Ventricular Pressure (RVP) |
Systolic (RVSP) |
15 - 25 mmHg |
| |
Diastolic (RVDP) |
0 - 8 mmHg |
| Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) |
Systolic (PASP) |
15 - 25 mmHg |
| |
Diastolic (PADP) |
8 - 15 mmHg |
| Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (MPAP) |
[PASP + (2 x PADP)]/3 |
10 - 20 mmHg |
| Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP) |
|
6 - 12 mmHg |
| Left Atrial Pressure (LAP) |
|
6 - 12 mmHg |
| Cardiac Output (CO) |
HR x SV/1000 |
4.0 - 8.0 l/min |
| Cardiac Index (CI) |
CO/BSA |
2.5 - 4.0 l/min/m2 |
| Stroke Volume (SV) |
CO/HR x 1000 |
60 - 100 ml/beat |
| Stroke Volume Index (SVI) |
CI/HR x 1000 |
33 - 47 ml/m2/beat |
| Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) |
80 x (MAP - RAP)/CO |
800 - 1200 dynes · sec/cm5 |
| Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI) |
80 x MAP - RAP)/CI |
1970 - 2390 dynes · sec/cm5/m2 |
| Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) |
80 x (MPAP - PAWP)/CO |
<250 dynes · sec/cm5 |
| Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI) |
80 x (MPAP - PAWP)/CI |
255 - 285 dynes · sec/cm5/m2 |
| Parameter |
Equation |
Normal Range |
| Left Ventricular Stroke Work (LVSW) |
SV x (MAP - PAWP) x 0.0136 |
58 - 104 gm-m/beat |
| Left Ventricular Stroke Work Index (LVSWI) |
SVI x (MAP - PAWP) x 0.0136 |
50 - 62 gm-m/m2/beat |
| Right Ventricular Stroke Work (RVSW) |
SV x (MPAP - RAP) x 0.0136 |
8 - 16 gm-m/beat |
| Right Ventricular Stroke Work Index (RVSWI) |
SVI x (MPAP - RAP) x 0.0136 |
5 - 10 gm-m/m2/beat |
| Coronary Artery Perfusion Pressure (CPP) |
Diastolic BP - PAWP |
60 - 80 mmHg |
| Right Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume (RVEDV) |
SV/EF |
100 - 160 ml |
| Right Ventricular End-Systolic Volume (RVESV) |
EDV - SV |
50 - 100 ml |
| Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction (RVEF) |
SV/EDV |
40 - 60% |
| Parameter |
Equation |
Normal Range |
| Partial Pressure of Arterial Oxygen (PaO2) |
|
80 - 100 mmHg |
| Partial Pressure of Arterial CO2 (PaCO2) |
|
35 - 45 mmHg |
| Bicarbonate (HCO3) |
|
22 - 28 mEg/1 |
| pH |
|
7.38 - 7.42 |
| Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) |
|
95 - 100% |
| Mixed Venous Saturation (SvO2) |
|
60 - 80% |
| Arterial Oxygen Content (CaO2) |
(0.0138 x Hgb x SaO2) + (0.0031 x PaO2) |
17 - 20 ml/dl |
| Venous Oxygen Content (CvO2) |
(0.0138 x Hgb x SvO2) + (0.0031 x PvO2) |
12 - 15 ml/dl |
A-V Oxygen Content Difference
(C(a-v)O2) |
CaO2 - CvO2 |
4 - 6 ml/dl |
| Oxygen Delivery (DO2) |
CaO2 x CO x 10 |
950-1150 ml/min |
| Oxygen Delivery Index (DO2I) |
CaO2 x CI x 10 |
500 - 600 ml/min/m2 |
| Oxygen Consumption (VO2) |
(C(a - v)O2) x CO x 10 |
200 -250 ml/min |
| Oxygen Consumption Index (VO2I) |
(C(a - v)O2 x CI x 10 |
120 - 160 ml/min/m2 |
| Oxygen Extraction Ration (O2ER) |
[(CaO2-CvO2)/CaO2] x 100 |
22 - 30% |
| Oxygen Extraction Index (O2EI) |
[SaO2 - SvO2)/SaO2 x 100 |
20 - 25% |
